What's Your SAT Score?

It's Not What You Think - It's HOW You Think!

The Cornell 7-Year Study

Prenatal Choline Improves Cognitive Attention in Young School Children

Choline: Rectifying An "In-Adequate" Intake (IAI) for Pregnancy

Superior Sustained Attention in Children of Mothers Taking 2X the Recommended AI for Choline

uMMA - 'Catch-22' or Catch-all?

uMMA is Especially Useful When Blood B12 Levels are in the Low Normal Range

Alzheimer's, B Vitamins and Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Team Brain Power: B12, Folate, Omega-3s and B6

The Target Omega-3 Index Number is...

Red Blood Cell Membrane Omega-3 Content Associated with Better Health Outcomes

Leveling the Playing Field with Choline.

Helping Address Disparities in Healthcare

What is the Omega-3 Index and Why Does it Matter?

Higher Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Levels Associated with Improved All-Cause Mortality

The Connection Between Dietary Protein, Stomach Acid and Vitamin B12

Extracting B12 from Food depends on Protein Sensing and Gastric Acid Production

MIT Scientists Discover a Key Insight into Alzheimer's Disease

THE Major Genetic Risk Factor Mitigated by Choline Supplementation

Why Doctors Should be Ordering uMMA Tests for B12 Deficiency

Urinary MMA is a Superior Test For Detecting B12 Deficiency, and for Good Reason.

Is There a Better Blood Test for B12 Deficiency Other Than a B12 Level?

The MMA Test Teaches a Lot About Why B12 is So Important for Energy

Are we getting enough choline in our diet?

Over 90% of Adult Americans are Choline Deficient

Higher Omega-3 Index Levels Associated with Lower Risk for Death from COVID-19

First Study to Find a Link

When Alzheimer's Disease Could Be Diagnosed Only After Death

The Discovery That Launched the Search for Treatment

Small or Big

Versatile Therapeutic or Diagnostic Delivery Vehicle

Motivated Conjugates

The B12 Bridge That Opens New Frontiers

Intrinsically Motivated

B12 Absorption Pathway and Players Offer Unique Opportunities for Drug Delivery

Is There a Relationship Between Choline and DHA?

Fetal Brain Development Needs DHA and DHA Needs Choline to Get There

Excess Vitamin B12 Doubles Lung Cancer Risk

Anything Above 55mcg B12 is Considered Excess

Does Mom Supply Her Baby with Vitamin B12 at Her Own Expense?

Prenatal B12 Sufficiency Doesn't Protect Mom From B12 Deficiency

Phosphatidylcholine: Novel Frontiers

A Mechanism to Explain How Phospholipids Containing Choline Modulate Gene Expresssion

Was Mary Todd Lincoln a Victim of the Forgotten Disease That Hadn't Been Described Yet?

Pernicious Anemia Could Explain It All

Higher Fracture Risk for Vegans and Vegetarians

Does B12 deficiency Play a Role?

Prenatal Vitamins - the House that Folate Built

Folate AND Vitamin B12 are Important Supplements Before and Early in Pregnancy

Phosphatidylcholine: A Key Source of DHA

The Gene That Controls the Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine via the PEMT Pathway Controls DHA Levels in the Body

I Have to Eat What Now? Half-a-Pound of Liver? Every Day? Seriously??

How Choosing the Right Diet for the Wrong Reason Led to Solving the Mystery Behind Pernicious Anemia

How Much of Mom's Folate Supplement is Available to Her Nursing Infant?

Breast-Milk Folate is the Primary Source of Folate for Breastfed Infants

Is Folic Acid Metabolized Differently in Women at Different Stages in the Child Bearing Years?

Conversion of Folic Acid to Metabolically Active Folate

What’s in a name..? The case of the missing B vitamins.

"That By Which We Call a Rose. By Any Other Name Would Smell As Sweet." William Shakespeare, Romeo & Juliet

Is the Need for Taking Prenatal Folate Only Important in Early Pregnancy?

Insights into Folate Requirements Throughout Pregnancy and Lactation

Choline, B-vitamins and Autism

A Mouse Model of a Common Form of Autism Shows a Benefit of Supplementing Choline

How a Crude Clinical Experiment Exposed the Elegance of Vitamin B12 Absorption

The Ingenious Scientific Protocol That Would Never Be Approved Today

Numbness and Tingling Symptoms in Hypothyroidism May Be Due To Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Doctors Should Be Screening for Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Hypothyroid Patients

The First Ever Scientific Publication

The 17th Century Equivalent of the Internet for Scientists

Most Americans Are Not Consuming Enough Choline in Their Diet

Only 8% of Pregnant Women are Meeting Choline Recommendations

Does a Normal Vitamin B12 Level Exclude the Diagnosis of Pernicious Anemia?

The Role of Antibodies in Giving Spuriously High B12 Measurements

Is There a Difference in the Absorption of Folic Acid and Folate?

Folic Acid and Folate Are Not Interchangeable Terms for the Same Vitamin

Choline, B12 and Folate are Joined at the Hip, and the Hip is called Methionine

The Interdependence of Single Carbon Nutrients and What an Elevated Homocysteine Level Tells Us

Can Pregnant Women Make Enough Choline to Support Their Baby and Themselves?

Choline Production is Revved Up in Last Trimester

What Exactly are the Auto-Antibodies of the Autoimmune Disease, Pernicious Anemia?

The Antibodies That Destroy Intrinsic Factor and the Cells that Make it in the Stomach.

Have You Taken Your Orizanins Today?

The 1910 Discovery That Was Lost in Translation

A Connection Between Vitamin B12 and Iron?

The Molding of Many Twentieth Centuries Leaders

Why Do Our Genes Cause Us To Be Metabolically Unique?

Small Gene Variations from Misspellings are Frequent and May Have a Big Effect on Metabolic Processes

Worried About Cognitive Decline and Is There Anything to Do About It?

Blood Homocysteine is a Modifiable Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease

Is There a Difference Between "Personalized" and "Precision" Nutrition?

Thousands of Pathways Exist to Metabolize Nutrients, and People Have Very Different Efficiencies in These Pathways

Choline, "The Mother-Substance-of-All"

Choline Identified as Important Component in Human Brain in 1865

Vitamin B12 Deficiency is Very Common in Thyroid Disease

Atrophic Gastritis and Pernicious Anemia is Often Associated with Thyroid Disease

Are Older People More Likely to be Vitamin B12 Deficient?

Vitamin B12 Declines with Age Due to Gastric Dysfunction and is NOT a Normal Consequence of Aging

Vitamin B12 Turns Competitors into Colleagues

Competing Scientists Pool Their Resources to Crack the Vitamin B12 Structure

Measuring MMA Levels can Detect Vitamin B12 Deficiency Even When a Vitamin B12 Blood Test is Normal

MMA Test is More Sensitive at Diagnosing Mild or Moderate B12 Deficiency than Vitamin B12 Levels

Is High Vitamin B12 Status a Cause of Lung Cancer?

High Dose Vitamin B12 Doses May Increase Risk for Lung Cancer

What Does the American Civil War Have to Do with Choline?

Choline is Named After the Body Fluid in which it Was First Characterized- Bile

Should Doctors be Testing Vitamin B12 Status in Diabetics?

Vitamin B12 Deficiency is Very Common in Diabetics and Diagnosis and Treatment Could Bring Huge Benefits

Why Phospholipids are So Important and Solves the Oil Doesn't Mix with Water Problem?

Phospholipids are the Molecules that Carry and Transport Fats in the Body

Nobel Prize for Chemistry Awarded for Discovering the Structure of Vitamin B12

Nobel Prize Awarded for Characterizing Vitamin B12

Are Overweight People More Likely to Have Low Vitamin B12 Levels?

Obesity is Associated with Low Vitamin B12 Status

Vegans and Vegetarians are More Vulnerable to Develop Vitamin B12 Deficiency

There are many more people who don’t have enough B12 than we thought.

A More Accurate Way of Measuring Vitamin B12 Status than a B12 Blood Level

MMA Measurement is a More Accurate Way to Evaluate Vitamin B12 Status

Can You Spot a Person with Vitamin B12 Deficiency at the Airport?

Is Measuring Blood Vitamin B12 Levels the Best Way to Test for Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

The Most Common Test for B12 Misses Deficiency Most Commonly

How a Sandwich Spread Helped Scientists Discover the Cause & Treatment of Pernicious Anemia

Can Gene Mutations Be Inherited and What Does This Have to Do With Nutrition?

Why Demand for Choline Is So High in Pregnancy

How Scientists Discovered Intrinsic Factor and Its Vital Role in Vitamin B12 Absorption

What Are SNPs (Pronounced SNIPS) and Why Are They Important?

We Need to Understand the Basics of Genes to Understand Nutrition

Does Gastric Bypass Surgery Cause Lifelong Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

Why Vitamin B12 Deficiency Is Common in Vegans, Vegetarians and Ovo-Vegetarians

How Scientists Discovered That The Mysterious 'Extrinsic Factor' in Liver was Vitamin B12

Why Vitamin B12 was Called 'Extrinsic Factor' by the Scientist Who Predicted That it Must Exist

Do You Know That What You Eat Can Control Whether Your Genes Do Their Job Properly?

Pernicious Anemia is the Name of the Anemia Caused by Severe Vitamin B12 Deficiency

How does a Big Molecule Like Vitamin B12 Get Absorbed from the Intestine?

Vitamin B12's Size Makes it Very Vulnerable to Being Destroyed by Gastric Acid

What Does the Color of Blood Have in Common With Vitamin B12?

Are There Nutrients Other than Choline That Contain Single Carbon Methyl Groups?

Why Its Important to Know the Molecular Structure of Choline

What on Earth is a Methyl Group and Why do We Care?

B vitamins Play a Key Role in Supplying Single Carbon Methyl Groups for Gene Expression

Vitamin B12 is named after the rare earth metal at its center

How Spinach Came to Give Vitamin B9 Its Name - Folic Acid

Is There a Difference between Folate and Folic Acid?

Companies Use Bacteria to Produce Vitamin B12 as the Most Efficient Way to Produce Industrial Quantities for Human Use

B12 is the Biggest and Most Complex Vitamin by Far